Businesses in India follow central laws like the Industrial Disputes Act, Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act, and EPF Act. State laws include Shops and Establishments Acts and Labour Welfare Fund Acts, which vary by state.

In India, both central and state laws regulate labour practices. Central laws cover broad areas like minimum wages, employment security, and social security, while state laws often supplement these, addressing specific local needs, such as working hours or conditions for shop employees.
Central Labour Laws:
The Minimum Wages Act, 1948: Sets minimum wage rates for different industries and regions.
The Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952: Requires employers to contribute to a retirement fund for employees.
The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972: Mandates payment of gratuity to employees upon retirement or resignation.
The Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948: Provides social security benefits like medical care and maternity leave.
The Payment of Wages Act, 1936: Ensures timely payment of wages to employees.
The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946: Provides rules and regulations for employment practices.
The Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970: Regulates the employment of contract workers.
The Factories Act, 1948: Sets safety and health standards for factory workers.
The Mines Act, 1952: Regulates the working conditions in mines.
The Plantations Labour Act, 1951: Governs employment in plantations.
State Labour Laws:
Shops and Establishments Acts:
Each state has its own Shops and Establishments Act, regulating working hours, wages, leave, and other employment terms for shops and commercial establishments.
State-specific welfare schemes:
Many states have their own welfare schemes for workers in specific industries or sectors.
Amendments to Central Laws:
States can also amend or supplement central labour laws to address local needs.