No, treaties are not automatically enforceable in India. In the Indian legal system, a treaty does not have the force of law unless it is incorporated into domestic legislation by the Parliament.

India follows a dualist approach to international law, which means that international treaties or obligations do not become enforceable within the country simply by virtue of being signed or ratified. For a treaty to have legal effect domestically, it must be explicitly enacted into law through a legislative process.

For example, if India signs a treaty on environmental protection or human rights, that treaty is binding at the international level. However, it cannot be enforced in Indian courts unless Parliament passes a law incorporating its provisions. This position is supported by Article 253 of the Indian Constitution, which gives Parliament the power to make laws to implement any treaty, agreement, or convention with other countries.

However, Indian courts, particularly the Supreme Court, have often interpreted laws in consonance with international treaties, especially in the absence of conflicting domestic legislation. In Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (1997), the Supreme Court used the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) to frame guidelines on sexual harassment at the workplace, even though the treaty had not been legislated into Indian law.

In conclusion, while treaties signed by India are binding internationally, they are not enforceable in Indian courts unless they are backed by domestic legislation. However, courts may use them to interpret existing laws or fill legal gaps in furtherance of constitutional values.

In India, treaties are not automatically enforceable as domestic law. The enforceability of treaties depends on several factors, including the nature of the treaty, the provisions of the Indian Constitution, and the legislative framework. Here are the key points regarding the enforceability of treaties in India:

1. Constitutional Provisions:
Article 253 of the Indian Constitution empowers Parliament to make laws for implementing any treaty or international agreement. This means that treaties require legislative action to be enforceable in India.
Article 73 provides that the executive power of the Union extends to matters on which Parliament has the power to make laws, which includes the implementation of treaties.
2. Legislative Action Required:
For a treaty to have the force of law in India, it must be incorporated into domestic legislation. This means that Parliament must pass a law that gives effect to the treaty's provisions.
If a treaty is not implemented through legislation, it does not have binding legal effect on individuals or entities within India.
3. Judicial Interpretation:
The Indian judiciary has recognized the importance of treaties and international law, but it has also emphasized that treaties do not automatically create rights or obligations under domestic law without legislative backing.
In the case of Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (1997), the Supreme Court referred to international conventions and treaties to interpret domestic law, indicating that while treaties can influence judicial decisions, they do not have direct enforceability without legislative action.
4. Self-Executing vs. Non-Self-Executing Treaties:
Some treaties may be considered "self-executing," meaning they can be enforced without the need for additional legislation. However, in India, the general practice is that treaties require legislative enactment to be enforceable.
Non-self-executing treaties require specific laws to be passed to implement their provisions.
5. International Law and Domestic Law:
While international law is recognized in India, it does not automatically override domestic law. The principle of dualism applies, meaning that international treaties must be incorporated into domestic law to have legal effect.
Conclusion
In summary, treaties are not automatically enforceable in India. They require legislative action to be incorporated into domestic law, as per the provisions of the Indian Constitution. The enforceability of treaties is contingent upon the passage of appropriate legislation by Parliament, and without such legislation, treaties do not create binding obligations within the Indian legal framework.

No automatic enforcement: Treaties are not automatically enforceable as domestic law in India.
Dualist system: India follows a dualist approach where international treaties need to be incorporated into domestic law through legislation.
Parliament’s role: For a treaty to have legal effect in India, Parliament must pass a law implementing the treaty provisions.
Executive action: The government can enter into treaties, but these do not override Indian laws unless Parliament enacts necessary laws.
Supreme Court stance: Indian courts have ruled that treaties are binding internationally but are not enforceable domestically unless incorporated by law.
Exceptions: If a treaty affects fundamental rights or other constitutional provisions, Parliament’s approval and legislative action are necessary.
In short, treaties bind India internationally but need domestic legislation to be enforceable within the country.