Yes, under the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005, there are specific types of information that are exempt from disclosure. These exemptions are primarily covered under Sections 8, 9, and 24 of the Act.

Yes, you can.
Under the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005, there is no restriction on who can file the application on behalf of someone else—as long as the applicant is an Indian citizen. You can:
File an RTI for information concerning another person (e.g., family, friend, colleague).
Mention in the application that you are filing on their behalf (if you wish), or keep it general.

Frustration of contract refers to a legal situation where, after a contract is formed, an unforeseen event occurs—beyond the control of either party—that makes the performance of the contract impossible, illegal, or radically different from what was originally agreed upon. When a contract is frustrated, it becomes void and both parties are discharged from their future obligations, with neither party held liable for non-performance due to the extraordinary circumstances

while the First Amendment provides robust protection for free expression, it allows for specific, well-defined exceptions where speech poses a significant harm or undermines other important societal interests

The doctrine of severability, also known as the doctrine of separability, is a legal principle that allows courts to strike down only those parts of a law that are unconstitutional or in conflict with fundamental rights, rather than invalidating the entire statute. If the offending provision can be separated from the rest of the law without affecting its functionality, only that part is declared void, and the remaining valid portions continue to operate. However, if the invalid part is so intertwined with the rest of the statute that it cannot be separated, the whole law may be struck down. This doctrine ensures that constitutionally sound aspects of legislation are preserved while protecting citizens’ fundamental rights

Marriage registration is not explicitly made compulsory under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (HMA) itself. Section 8 of the HMA provides for the registration of marriages and empowers state governments to make rules regarding the same, but does not mandate registration for the validity of the marriage. However, following Supreme Court directions (notably in Seema v. Ashwani Kumar, 2006), marriage registration has been made compulsory across India, regardless of religion, to ensure legal security and protection of rights

Yes, fundamental rights can be suspended during a national emergency in India. The six rights under Article 19 (Right to Freedom) are automatically suspended when an emergency is declared due to war or external aggression. Additionally, under Article 359, the President can suspend the right to move any court for the enforcement of other specified fundamental rights, except Articles 20 and 21 (protection in respect of conviction for offences and protection of life and personal liberty), which cannot be suspended even during an emergency

Yes, fundamental rights can be suspended during a national emergency in India. Specifically, the six rights under Article 19 (Right to Freedom) are automatically suspended when a national emergency is declared due to war or external aggression. Additionally, under Article 359, the President can suspend the right to move any court for the enforcement of other specified fundamental rights, except Articles 20 (protection in respect of conviction for offences) and 21 (protection of life and personal liberty), which cannot be suspended even during an emergency

Yes, fundamental rights can be suspended during a national emergency in India. Specifically, the six rights under Article 19 (Right to Freedom) are automatically suspended when a national emergency is declared due to war or external aggression. Additionally, under Article 359, the President can suspend the right to move any court for the enforcement of other specified fundamental rights, except Articles 20 (protection in respect of conviction for offences) and 21 (protection of life and personal liberty), which cannot be suspended even during an emergency

International law interacts with domestic law through two main approaches: monism and dualism. In countries like India, which follow the dualist approach, international treaties and obligations do not automatically become part of domestic law—they require explicit incorporation through legislation by Parliament. Courts may interpret domestic laws in harmony with international law, especially where there are gaps or ambiguities, but in case of conflict, domestic law prevails. The judiciary may also reference international law to guide interpretation, particularly in areas like human rights and environmental protection