To brief a senior advocate effectively and ensure the brief is legally sound and time-efficient, follow these steps:
1. Understand the Case Thoroughly: Read all documents, pleadings, and case laws relevant to the matter.
2. Organize Documents Logically: Arrange papers chronologically or by issue, and use flags or an index for quick navigation.
3. Prepare a Summary Note: Write a concise note outlining facts, issues, reliefs sought, procedural history, and legal points.
4. Highlight Key Legal Questions: Clearly list the legal issues with relevant statutes and precedents, keeping it precise.
5. Be Objective: Present both strengths and weaknesses of the case without bias.
6. Avoid Redundancy: Keep explanations crisp, and avoid unnecessary details that may waste time.
7. Be Ready with Clarifications: Anticipate questions and be prepared to clarify factual or legal doubts promptly.
8. Respect Time: Schedule the briefing with adequate notice, and stick to essential points unless the senior asks for more.
A well-prepared brief builds confidence and allows the senior to focus on strategy and argumentation.

Before serving notice to the government or a public authority in a PIL, the petitioner must first file the petition in the appropriate court. The court then examines the maintainability of the petition. If the court finds merit, it issues a notice to the concerned government or authority, and the petitioner is not required to serve the notice directly.

Under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), the definition of “murder” remains largely similar to the Indian Penal Code (IPC). However, the BNS simplifies language and structure, and may include updated provisions or exceptions. The core elements—intentional killing with malice—are unchanged.

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita introduces new offences like organized crime, petty organized crime, mob lynching, sexual intercourse by deceit, snatching, terrorist acts, and using children to commit crimes. These changes aim to address modern challenges and strengthen the legal system.

Under the Juvenile Justice Act, juveniles (those under 18) are treated differently from adults. They are tried in special courts called Juvenile Justice Boards, which focus on rehabilitation rather than punishment. Juveniles are kept in separate homes, not adult jails, and their identity is kept confidential. For serious crimes committed by those aged 16-18, the board may decide if they should be tried as adults. However, even then, they receive separate treatment. The law aims to protect juveniles and help them reintegrate into society.

Child custody is determined by factors like the child’s best interests, age, emotional and physical needs, the parent’s ability to care for the child, the child’s preference (if mature enough), and the overall home environment. Courts prioritize the child’s welfare above all.

Businesses in India follow central laws like the Industrial Disputes Act, Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act, and EPF Act. State laws include Shops and Establishments Acts and Labour Welfare Fund Acts, which vary by state.

The First Amendment protects free speech in the U.S., but it has limits. Speech can be restricted if it incites violence, causes panic (like shouting "fire" in a crowded theater), involves obscenity, defamation, true threats, or hate speech that incites imminent lawless action. Time, place, and manner restrictions are also allowed if content-neutral.

Article 14 guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the laws. However, it allows reasonable classification, not arbitrary treatment. Affirmative action and reservations are considered valid under this principle as they aim to promote substantive equality by uplifting disadvantaged groups, ensuring equal opportunity rather than identical treatment.

Yes, fundamental rights can be suspended during a national emergency under Article 359. All rights except Articles 20 and 21 (protection in respect of conviction and right to life and personal liberty) can be suspended.